The Historical Works, of humans in the
Australian continent, Part Four:
In July of 1914, the joint Empire of Austria and Hungary, called the Austro-Hungarian empire, invaded the Slavic(eastern European) nation Serbia. So Russia declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, at least in part to stop the empire getting too powerful and therefore threatening. So in order to help their ally Austro-Hungary and to conquer some of Russia’s Empire, Germany invaded the Russian empire. So at least in part out of the belief France would get involved in the war anyway, Germany decided to invade France. Germany decided that in order to invade France, they should send their invading forces to France, by going through the unfortified nation of Belgium. With Germany planning to do wartime occupation and control, of some Belgium territory, to allow for German forces to pass through.
Belgium was an ally of Britain. Britain also didn’t want Germany to get too powerful, so they wouldn’t be powerful enough to invade Britain and or its colonies. So Britain declared war on Germany. This was all called the start of the war, now known as World War 1. It was generally believed the war would probably go on, for only a few more months.
Belgium was an ally of Britain. Britain also didn’t want Germany to get too powerful, so they wouldn’t be powerful enough to invade Britain and or its colonies. So Britain declared war on Germany. This was all called the start of the war, now known as World War 1. It was generally believed the war would probably go on, for only a few more months.
This all got newspaper coverage in Australia. Anglo-Australians, who made up most of the population in Australia, wanted Britain to win. As they still embraced British identity. They embraced their British identity, in part by Britain having some control over Australia. Even though Britain ruled over Ireland, Irish-Australians didn’t have much reason to hate Britain, as Britain had promised Ireland to govern themselves. However, Britain decided to delay this, so they could be as powerful as possible in the face of war.
Generally Australians at the time, didn’t know of the how war, effected soldiers psychologically. Such as how soldiers in war, see dead and injured bodies. As well as how killing enemy soldiers, still disturbs the killing soldiers. So this meant Australia were more likely to volunteer for war.
In August, Australia under the commonwealth liberal party and prime minster Joseph Cook, organised a military, the AIF(Australian imperial forces). In order to help pay for the AIF, Australia borrowed from British and American banks. Australians volunteered to be AIF, in case it was used in war. A tiny amount of the people joining the AIF, were non-white people, who were not viewed as Australian at the time. Some of the people joining the AIF, were underage soldiers, who lied about their age. There were 4 reasons, why people joined the AIF, knowing they could be deployed to war:
1.To serve the British Empire
2.To serve Australia
3.Extra payment for fighting
4.If the fighting was outside Australia, it would mean travelling the world
The idea of serving Australia and the British empire, was often based around the belief, it was doing their part for their empire and or country.
At the time, the firearms the soldiers in the AIF generally had, were bolt action rifles, pumped action firearms and sometimes semi-automatic firearms. Bolt action rifles, is where a bolt is moved and pushed into place, on a rifle, that activates the trigger, which when pulled, shoots with a powerful force. Pumped action firearms were a pump would be pulled, to activate the trigger to be pulled a 3-5 times. While semi-automatic firearms only need a trigger to be pulled, but not with a powerful force, or at least not always.
Some of the AIF soldiers were on horses, to move faster and move heavy supplies.
Since Australians becoming soldiers meant less Australians working on farms, this meant Australians had less food.
The leader of Australia’s new enemy Germany, was Kaiser Welham the 2nd.
In September of 1914, Australia under the commonwealth liberal party and prime minster Joseph Cook, had deploying Australian forces, to invade Northern Papua New Guinea. The forces were made up of 1,5000 AIF soldiers, both naval and army.
Northern Papua New Guinea, was a German controlled colony. Australia capturing it, would make it a part of the Australian colony, of Southern Papua new Guinea. This would make Australia more powerful and therefore Britain more powerful. It would also allow the Australian forces, to destroy communications, in the colony, that helped some German naval forces.
In September, the Australian army forces would fight the German forces, in Papua new Guinea. Defeat the German forces and capture the colony. 6 Australian soldiers were killed.
Also in September, the Labor political party was elected in national power, with Andrew Fisher as prime minster.
In November, Turkey got involved in World War 1. Turkey would bomb Russia, resulting in Russia declaring war on Turkey. While Turkey declared war on Britain, mostly to conquer Egypt. With Egypt at the time, being a puppet nation of Britain. Bombing Russia and declaring war on Egypt, was done in part, due to Turkey being allied to Germany.
In December, Australia under the labor party and Andrew Fisher, sent Australian forces to Egypt. To be ready to fight Turkey. If Australian soldiers fought in Turkey, it would help Australia, as well as Britain. This was because Australia had an alliance with Britain, where Britain would give more help to Australia in a war, than they otherwise would, in return for Australia giving more help, in a war for Britain, than Australia otherwise would.
Also, by 1915, Germany had captured and controlled a small amount of territory off France and a large amount of territory off Belgium. Germany had done a war massacre, killing 100s of Belgium civilians and raping Belgium Women. This massacre, got newspaper coverage in Australia. Also, by 1915, Britain and France, had started using their naval forces on Germany, to block foreign trade, in what’s called a blockade. This was to try ruin Germanys wartime economy. This blockade would starve German civilians, including teenage and child ones. However, in war, newspapers and so forth don’t tell their readers, about war crimes, and or civilian harm committed by their nation or empire.
In January of 1915, 2 Islamic extremists used guns to kill 4 Australians, to protest Australian involvement against Muslim Turkey, in World War 1. This could have got more Australians to volunteer, to the AIF.
Also in January, Britain had the idea of sending British, Australian and New Zealand forces, to a place in Turkey called Gallipoli. New Zealand was a nation, a part of the British empire, just like Australia. The reason why Britain wanted send forces to Gallipoli, was to capture it, so that they could move the forces, to capture the nearby capital city, of Constantinople. Capturing it was meant to help defeat Turkey, as well as put Constantinople, under wartime occupation, to allow Britain to send naval forces through it, to send military supplies, to their wartime ally Russia.
In April, Britain sent British, Australian and New Zealand army forces to invade Gallipoli, through being landed there, by the navy. The Australian and New Zealand forces in Gallipoli were called the ANZACs. The Anzac forces fought Turkish forces, as soon as they were on the beach. The ANZAC forces defeated the Turkish forces and captured the area of the beach and around the beach. Twice as many Australian soldiers fought in the battle, as New Zealand soldiers. With 2,000 ANZAC soldiers getting killed and wounded, more than was expected. However, the Gallipoli campaign went on. With more battles between Anzac and Turkish forces going on.
During the Gallipoli campaign, more Australian forces came, to fight in Gallipoli.
The other battles in Gallipoli, involved World War 1 trench warfare. World War 1 Trench warfare, was where rows of soldiers. In which soldiers shoot and used arterially, at rows of enemy soldiers on the other side of the trench. While the enemy, did the same thing to them. Sometimes soldiers would charge at the enemy soldiers to the other side of the trench, or shoot at enemy soldiers, charging at them.
Also in April, Turkey started killing civilians of the Christian and generally non-white cultural group, Armenia. This was largely to decrease or remove the amount of Armenians. To prevent them siding with Russia if they invaded Armenia. This is now known as the Armenian genocide. Despite racism to non-white people, in Australia at the time, this genocide got much newspaper coverage.
In May, German naval forces sunk the British civilian ship, the Lusitania. A maximum of British 1,000 civilians were killed. It was sunk, because it had many military supplies, for World War 1. This got coverage by newspapers in Australia. Also by then, Germany started using zeppelins to bomb civilians, in Britain. This also got newspaper coverage. These attacks on British civilians, possibly got more Anglo-Australians, to join the AIF.
In October, William Hughes, generally known as Billy Hughes became prime minister, after Andrew Fisher Quit as prime minister.
In November, Anzac and British forces retreated from Gallipoli. Ending the Gallipoli campaign in defeat. The non-wounded Australian soldiers, went to be stationed to Egypt. 50,000 Australian soldiers fought in Gallipoli. 19,400 of them were wounded and 8,700 of them got killed.
The fact Britain sent Australian soldiers, to fight and lose in Gallipoli, got Australians to like Britain less. Which possibly got Anglo-Australians to have less pride, in being a part of the British empire.
While Australia lost the Gallipoli campaign. That fact so many Australian soldiers fought for Australia, got Australians, or at least many of them, to get national pride in Australia.
In 1916, World War 1 was still going. By then Turkey had captured, a small amount of Egyptian territory and Germany had captured some territory of the Russian empire.
Russia In January, Anglo-Australians motherland of Britain started conscripting British men, to the British army. By March, Australians joining the AIF, doubled the AIF soldiers since the end of Gallipoli. By then, one reason Australians joined the AIF, was social pressure.
In March, Australian soldiers, not on horses were sent to be stationed in western Europe, ready to fight Germany. The battles in Western Europe, involved trench warfare.
Generally Australians at the time, didn’t know of the how war, effected soldiers psychologically. Such as how soldiers in war, see dead and injured bodies. As well as how killing enemy soldiers, still disturbs the killing soldiers. So this meant Australia were more likely to volunteer for war.
In August, Australia under the commonwealth liberal party and prime minster Joseph Cook, organised a military, the AIF(Australian imperial forces). In order to help pay for the AIF, Australia borrowed from British and American banks. Australians volunteered to be AIF, in case it was used in war. A tiny amount of the people joining the AIF, were non-white people, who were not viewed as Australian at the time. Some of the people joining the AIF, were underage soldiers, who lied about their age. There were 4 reasons, why people joined the AIF, knowing they could be deployed to war:
1.To serve the British Empire
2.To serve Australia
3.Extra payment for fighting
4.If the fighting was outside Australia, it would mean travelling the world
The idea of serving Australia and the British empire, was often based around the belief, it was doing their part for their empire and or country.
At the time, the firearms the soldiers in the AIF generally had, were bolt action rifles, pumped action firearms and sometimes semi-automatic firearms. Bolt action rifles, is where a bolt is moved and pushed into place, on a rifle, that activates the trigger, which when pulled, shoots with a powerful force. Pumped action firearms were a pump would be pulled, to activate the trigger to be pulled a 3-5 times. While semi-automatic firearms only need a trigger to be pulled, but not with a powerful force, or at least not always.
Some of the AIF soldiers were on horses, to move faster and move heavy supplies.
Since Australians becoming soldiers meant less Australians working on farms, this meant Australians had less food.
The leader of Australia’s new enemy Germany, was Kaiser Welham the 2nd.
In September of 1914, Australia under the commonwealth liberal party and prime minster Joseph Cook, had deploying Australian forces, to invade Northern Papua New Guinea. The forces were made up of 1,5000 AIF soldiers, both naval and army.
Northern Papua New Guinea, was a German controlled colony. Australia capturing it, would make it a part of the Australian colony, of Southern Papua new Guinea. This would make Australia more powerful and therefore Britain more powerful. It would also allow the Australian forces, to destroy communications, in the colony, that helped some German naval forces.
In September, the Australian army forces would fight the German forces, in Papua new Guinea. Defeat the German forces and capture the colony. 6 Australian soldiers were killed.
Also in September, the Labor political party was elected in national power, with Andrew Fisher as prime minster.
In November, Turkey got involved in World War 1. Turkey would bomb Russia, resulting in Russia declaring war on Turkey. While Turkey declared war on Britain, mostly to conquer Egypt. With Egypt at the time, being a puppet nation of Britain. Bombing Russia and declaring war on Egypt, was done in part, due to Turkey being allied to Germany.
In December, Australia under the labor party and Andrew Fisher, sent Australian forces to Egypt. To be ready to fight Turkey. If Australian soldiers fought in Turkey, it would help Australia, as well as Britain. This was because Australia had an alliance with Britain, where Britain would give more help to Australia in a war, than they otherwise would, in return for Australia giving more help, in a war for Britain, than Australia otherwise would.
Also, by 1915, Germany had captured and controlled a small amount of territory off France and a large amount of territory off Belgium. Germany had done a war massacre, killing 100s of Belgium civilians and raping Belgium Women. This massacre, got newspaper coverage in Australia. Also, by 1915, Britain and France, had started using their naval forces on Germany, to block foreign trade, in what’s called a blockade. This was to try ruin Germanys wartime economy. This blockade would starve German civilians, including teenage and child ones. However, in war, newspapers and so forth don’t tell their readers, about war crimes, and or civilian harm committed by their nation or empire.
In January of 1915, 2 Islamic extremists used guns to kill 4 Australians, to protest Australian involvement against Muslim Turkey, in World War 1. This could have got more Australians to volunteer, to the AIF.
Also in January, Britain had the idea of sending British, Australian and New Zealand forces, to a place in Turkey called Gallipoli. New Zealand was a nation, a part of the British empire, just like Australia. The reason why Britain wanted send forces to Gallipoli, was to capture it, so that they could move the forces, to capture the nearby capital city, of Constantinople. Capturing it was meant to help defeat Turkey, as well as put Constantinople, under wartime occupation, to allow Britain to send naval forces through it, to send military supplies, to their wartime ally Russia.
In April, Britain sent British, Australian and New Zealand army forces to invade Gallipoli, through being landed there, by the navy. The Australian and New Zealand forces in Gallipoli were called the ANZACs. The Anzac forces fought Turkish forces, as soon as they were on the beach. The ANZAC forces defeated the Turkish forces and captured the area of the beach and around the beach. Twice as many Australian soldiers fought in the battle, as New Zealand soldiers. With 2,000 ANZAC soldiers getting killed and wounded, more than was expected. However, the Gallipoli campaign went on. With more battles between Anzac and Turkish forces going on.
During the Gallipoli campaign, more Australian forces came, to fight in Gallipoli.
The other battles in Gallipoli, involved World War 1 trench warfare. World War 1 Trench warfare, was where rows of soldiers. In which soldiers shoot and used arterially, at rows of enemy soldiers on the other side of the trench. While the enemy, did the same thing to them. Sometimes soldiers would charge at the enemy soldiers to the other side of the trench, or shoot at enemy soldiers, charging at them.
Also in April, Turkey started killing civilians of the Christian and generally non-white cultural group, Armenia. This was largely to decrease or remove the amount of Armenians. To prevent them siding with Russia if they invaded Armenia. This is now known as the Armenian genocide. Despite racism to non-white people, in Australia at the time, this genocide got much newspaper coverage.
In May, German naval forces sunk the British civilian ship, the Lusitania. A maximum of British 1,000 civilians were killed. It was sunk, because it had many military supplies, for World War 1. This got coverage by newspapers in Australia. Also by then, Germany started using zeppelins to bomb civilians, in Britain. This also got newspaper coverage. These attacks on British civilians, possibly got more Anglo-Australians, to join the AIF.
In October, William Hughes, generally known as Billy Hughes became prime minister, after Andrew Fisher Quit as prime minister.
In November, Anzac and British forces retreated from Gallipoli. Ending the Gallipoli campaign in defeat. The non-wounded Australian soldiers, went to be stationed to Egypt. 50,000 Australian soldiers fought in Gallipoli. 19,400 of them were wounded and 8,700 of them got killed.
The fact Britain sent Australian soldiers, to fight and lose in Gallipoli, got Australians to like Britain less. Which possibly got Anglo-Australians to have less pride, in being a part of the British empire.
While Australia lost the Gallipoli campaign. That fact so many Australian soldiers fought for Australia, got Australians, or at least many of them, to get national pride in Australia.
In 1916, World War 1 was still going. By then Turkey had captured, a small amount of Egyptian territory and Germany had captured some territory of the Russian empire.
Russia In January, Anglo-Australians motherland of Britain started conscripting British men, to the British army. By March, Australians joining the AIF, doubled the AIF soldiers since the end of Gallipoli. By then, one reason Australians joined the AIF, was social pressure.
In March, Australian soldiers, not on horses were sent to be stationed in western Europe, ready to fight Germany. The battles in Western Europe, involved trench warfare.
The soldiers on horses, were stationed still stationed in Egypt, ready mainly to be sent to Turkish controlled Palestine. This was to capture Palestine, to help defeat Turkey. As well as make Britain more powerful, by making it a part of the British empire. Palestinian people however, wanted to be them to be their own nation and not ruled by Britain or Turkey.
Also at least some of the Australian naval forces, were sent near Germany, to help blockade Germany. Which at this point, was still starving German civilians.
In April, Irish-Australians homeland of Ireland, was still under much control of Britain, for wartime. So to protest this, 2,000 Irish people became soldiers and rebels, by capturing Irelands main city of Dublin. Starting a event, called the Easter uprising. So British sent forces, to fight and defeat the rebellion. Britain won. Britain then executed 14 of the rebel leaders, in the uprising. The executions got Irish-Australians and possibly many Anglo-Australians, to have increased negative views of Britain.
In July, British and French forces were sent to fight German forces in the battle of the Somme, in France. This was to capture some French terrioty, captured and controlled by Germany. This also meant to distract German forces, from fighting France, in the battle of Verdun, which was where Germany, was hoping to capture terrioty off France.
In July, Britain sent some of the Australian forces in western Europe, near the battle of the Somme. To fight German forces, to capture terrioty and distract some German forces, from fighting in the battle of the Somme. This was in the battle of Fromelles, in France.
In Fromelles Australian forces, from their trench, used Artillery to shoot at German forces. This was largely to get destroy the machine guns. So Australian forces could fight without being shot by them. After that, Australian forces marched over their trench. However, not all machine guns had been destroyed. Around 4,000 Australian soldiers were wounded, and 1,700 Australian soldiers were killed by German forces. After Australian forces had captured a fraction of the terrioty, that was meant to be captured. The forces did not capture more terrioty, because the amount of non-wounded Australian soldiers left, wasn’t enough to march further.
After the battle of Fromelles, still in July. Britain sent Australian forces, made up of 10,000s of Australian soldiers, to fight German forces, in the battle of the Somme. In August, Australian forces had fought German forces and captured some terrioty off Germany. Britain had made Australian and British forces, in the battle, use arterially, against German forces, before marching out of the trench. Similar to the battle of Fromelles, the arterially didn’t work as well as Britain it would. Resulting in more Australian and British soldiers wounded and killed, then Britain thought it would. Around 16,000 Australian soldiers were wounded, and 6,800 Australian soldiers were killed.
In August, Turkey was marching to capture a place in Egypt called Romani. British forces and some Australian forces, fought them, in the battle of Romani. The Turkish forces were defeated. 104 Australian soldiers were killed and around 500 were wounded.
In October, Australia under the labor party and prime minster Billy Hughes. Had organised a referendum, across Australia, over whether or not, to conscript some Australian males, to fight in World War 1. Billy Hughes claimed that if Germany kept winning wars, they would be powerful enough to invade and conquer Australia. Irish-Australians had less reason for their males, to fight for Britain and Australia. Due to not having British identity and their negative views on Britain, for their executions after the Easter uprising. Also in a documentary, Australians at WAR, one Australian said quote, “I was against conscription, I don’t think anyone ought to send them there and shoot someone, if they didn’t feel like shooting someone." Australia barely voted, not to have conscription.
Also in October, Arab tribes, under the control of Turkey, rebelled against Turkey, for independence. With the advisory help, from a British man, nicknamed Lawrence of Arabia. Australian military planes and military pilots, would do bombings against Turkish forces, to help the rebels.
In November, Britain, Australia and France, defeated Germany in the battle of the Somme. It didn’t capture as much French territory, controlled by Germany, as Britain and France, thought it would.
In December, France defeated Germany in the battle of Verdun. Which was in part due to the battle of the Somme, distracting some of the German forces, from the battle of Verdun.
In December Australian forces made up of 1,000s of Australian soldiers, defeated and captured territory off Turkey. In the battle of Magdhaba, in Egypt. Seemingly this resulted, in wounded and killed Australian soldiers.
In January 1917, Australian and new new Zealand forces fought 2,000 Turkish soldiers, in Egypt, in the battle of Rafa. Seemingly all forces had wounded and killed soldiers. Australia and New Zealand won the battle and captured 1,5000 Turkish soldiers. Australian would go on to fight in many battles in Palestine.
In February, prime minister Billy Hughes organised himself him and many labor party members, to form the nationalist party. Which then became the main political party in Australia, with Billy Hughes as prime minister.
In April and May of 1917, Britain sent Australian forces to fight German forces, in the 1st and 2nd battle of Bullecourt, in France. It was done, at least in part, to capture German controlled French territory. Instead of using soldiers with arterially and soldiers with guns, as usual. This time it was soldiers with guns and tanks. While the Australian forces did win the battle. It got the Australian forces heavy rates of killed and wounded. With 10,000 Australian soldiers wounded and killed. It seems to have been done as a test, to see how soldiers with nothing but guns and tanks, would go in battles.
In June, in Belgium, Australian forces helped fight German forces and helped capture a small amount of Belgium terrioty, off Germany. In the battle of Messines.
In July, Britain, started the 3rd battle of Ypres, also known as the battle of Passchendaele. To try capturing much Belgium terrioty, off Germany. With that Belgium terrioty, largely being German controlled terrioty, of the Belgium coast. Which threatened Germany using it to send naval forces, to blockade Britain. Australian forces would help fight Germany, in the battle.
In October, Australian forces made up of 800 Australian soldiers, charged at a Turkish fort, holding 4,000 Turkish soldiers, in Palestine. Defeating the Turkish forces and capturing the fort. This was the battle of Beersheba. Seemingly this battle resulted in wounded and killed Australian soldiers. This allowed for the possibility, for Australian and British forces to capture the rest of Palestine. Australian forces, would go on to fight Turkish forces in Palestine.
In November, Australia and Britain defeated Germany in the battle of Passchendaele. While some Belgium terrioty getting captured. Areas in the battle Australia helped fight in and capture, were Polygon wood and Broodseinde ridge. However, not all the Belgium coastline was captured, in the battle. 38,000 Australian soldiers were wounded and killed.
Also in November, Britain declared all sets Australian forces in Western Europe, would fight together. Instead of separately.
Also in November, something unexpected happened, in World war 1. Rebels called the Bolsheviks, overthrew the Russian government. In a event called the October revolution, as Russia had a different calendar. They did 2 things. Make Russia under the economic belief of communism and to stop their involvement in World War 1. In December, they stop their involvement in the form of signing a armistice, as in unofficial end to the war fighting, with Germany. This would mean Germany would be able to send many German forces, previously fighting Russia, to fight in western Europe. This would mean other 1 of 2 things would happen to Australia, in regards to fighting in Western Europe. More wounded and killed soldiers, for Australia then expected, or more defeat for Australia, then expected.
In December of 1917, Australia under the nationalist party and prime minister Billy Hughes, put in another conscription referendum, across Australia. Australia again barely voted no.
Also in December, British forces captured the Palestinian city of Jerusalem. This also lowered the confidence of the Germans, they could win the war
By 1918, the Armenian genocide had ended or at least halted. Besides Turkey having 30,000 Armenians, in deadly slavery. This was possibly due in part, to the threat of a Russian invasion of Armenia ending.
Also by 1918, Britain and Frances blockade of Germany, started starving German civilians, including teenage and child ones, to death. The newspapers in Australia possibly would not have mentioned this.
By 1918, the Arab rebels, captured all terrioty, they wanted, off Turkey.
Also by 1918, Australia had military planes were fighting German planes. As well as bombing German forces, in the trenches.
In January 1918, America declared it would send many soldiers to fight Germany in Western Europe. In part, to help defend their ally, France.
In early March 1918, Russia and Germany signed a peace treaty. Called the treat of Brest -Litovsk. In which Germany was given Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Cultural Regions, that’s people didn’t want to be ruled by, Russia or Germany.
By late March, Germany had transferred, 500,000 soldiers, once fighting Russia, to Western Europe, to increase German forces for the Spring offensives. Which started in late March. The Spring offensives was done, to try capturing French and Belgium territory.
Germany was trying to capture all the terrioty, captured off Germany, in the battle of the Somme. While trying to capture some of the terrioty, Australian forces fought German forces. The Australia forces defeated the German forces. Preventing the German forces capturing some of it. Seemingly while getting wounded and killed Australian soldiers.
In April of 1918, Australian forces made up of 4,500 Australian soldiers, went out of the trenches. To do a surprise raid, at night, to try capturing the German controlled French town, of Villers-Bretonneux. They were under the leadership, of the skilled Australian officer Pompey Elliott. They would fight a larger amount of German forces, defeat them and capture the town, in the battle of Villers-Bretonneux. 10,000 German soldiers were wounded, killed and captured. This battle would result in 1,200 Australian soldiers killed and seemingly some wounded.
By late July 1918, Germany had captured some Belgium and French territory. With German captured regions, near the French capital city of Paris.
In late July, there started to be offensives against Germany, by its enemies. To fight German forces, try capturing French and Belgium territory, off Germany and distract German forces, from capturing more terrioty. With Australian forces being involved.
In the offensives, in August, America, Britain, France, started the 100 days offensive. With Australian still being involved. This time with a Australian General, in charge of the Australian forces, and not a British one. The General was skilled one, named John Monash.
In the 100 days offensive, Australian forces started capturing some terrioty. In August, they captured 1,000s of German soldiers as prisoners.
By October, British and Australian forces, had captured the last of the Palestinian territory, off Turkey.
In October, Arab rebel forces and Australian forces, captured a city Damascus, after fighting Turkish forces. The city was in the Turkish controlled region, of Syria. While French forces captured the Turkish controlled city of Beirut. The people of Syria, did not want to be under the control of Turkey, France or Britain.
By November 1918, Germany had basically run out of money and resources for the war. While Turkey signed a armistice, which is a unofficial end to the war fighting, with their enemies, which included Australia. So in November, Germany, and Austria-Hungary, arranged for an armistice with their enemies, which included Australia. This ended both World War 1 and the 100 days offensive. With the Germanys captured French and Belgium territory, going back to France and Belgium.
Also in November, the German military overthrew the leader of Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm the 2nd. Mainly for getting so many German soldiers killed, in Western Europe. As well as to make Germany a democracy and not a dictatorship.
Throughout the 100 days offensive, there was seemingly Australian soldiers wounded and killed. In the documentary Australians at war, one Australian World War 1 veteran said quote, “From July, until armistice day, that was a war. That was worse than all the rest together. Especially September and August, August September. We were, I suppose our battalion was engaging, bashing at the Germans. Advancing against them. 2 and 3 times a day. You didn’t have much rest. I went for 2 and a half days without sleep. We hardly had time to eat."
Throughout the war, Australia’s skilled General, was John Monash. Was believed by Australians after the war, to be the greatest Australian. Australia’s best soldier, was a sniper, named Billy Sing, who killed at least 150 enemy soldiers, including at Gallipoli. He was half white and half Asian. He was not known, to the Australian people, after the war, seemingly due to racism.
By the end of the war, over 300,000 Australian soldiers had fought in the war. 155,000 Australian soldiers had been wounded. Around 62,000 Australian soldiers had been killed. Around 8,000 of those killed were in the Gallipoli campaign, Around 14,000 were killed, elsewhere fighting Turkey. Around 39,000 were killed, fighting Germany in Western Europe.
In World War 1, there were also many female nurses, who worked with injured Australian soldiers, while they were still outside of Australia.
After the war, the Australians soldiers and officers of World War 1, then became World War 1 veterans. Many of them got a type of mental illness called, post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), also known as shell shock. There were cases of suicide, by veterans. One of these suicides, was skilled officer Pompey Elliott.
World War 1, at the time was called the Great War. In part because there was no World War 2, to know there would be more than one world war.
In early 1919, the disease called the Spanish flu, appeared in Australia. It was spread by Australian World War 1 veterans, going back to Australia, from Western Europe. Where there was, the disease. In Sydney, schools and places of entertainment would be closed in the short term, to stop the spread of the disease. Across Australia, it would go on, to kill 15,000. A vaccine would then allow people, who get the disease, to not be as sick and therefore, with a far lower risk of death.
By June 1919, Germany had already given the regions of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, independence. Due to rebellions in those regions.
In June 1919, Germany signed an official peace treaty with their enemies, including Australia, called the treaty of Versailles. Germany would submit northern Papua New Guinea, to be a part of the Australian colony of Papua New Guinea. Germany would give a big amount of money to Britain, to compensate them for killing British civilians.
Also in 1919, Austria and Hungary would loss most of the territory they controlled, much of which was given to Serbia to form the nation of Yugoslavia.
Later a peace treaty would be singed between Turkey, Australia, Britain and France. With Britain keeping Palestine. While Syria was made into a French colony, in return for France fighting Turkey.
In April, Irish-Australians homeland of Ireland, was still under much control of Britain, for wartime. So to protest this, 2,000 Irish people became soldiers and rebels, by capturing Irelands main city of Dublin. Starting a event, called the Easter uprising. So British sent forces, to fight and defeat the rebellion. Britain won. Britain then executed 14 of the rebel leaders, in the uprising. The executions got Irish-Australians and possibly many Anglo-Australians, to have increased negative views of Britain.
In July, British and French forces were sent to fight German forces in the battle of the Somme, in France. This was to capture some French terrioty, captured and controlled by Germany. This also meant to distract German forces, from fighting France, in the battle of Verdun, which was where Germany, was hoping to capture terrioty off France.
In July, Britain sent some of the Australian forces in western Europe, near the battle of the Somme. To fight German forces, to capture terrioty and distract some German forces, from fighting in the battle of the Somme. This was in the battle of Fromelles, in France.
In Fromelles Australian forces, from their trench, used Artillery to shoot at German forces. This was largely to get destroy the machine guns. So Australian forces could fight without being shot by them. After that, Australian forces marched over their trench. However, not all machine guns had been destroyed. Around 4,000 Australian soldiers were wounded, and 1,700 Australian soldiers were killed by German forces. After Australian forces had captured a fraction of the terrioty, that was meant to be captured. The forces did not capture more terrioty, because the amount of non-wounded Australian soldiers left, wasn’t enough to march further.
After the battle of Fromelles, still in July. Britain sent Australian forces, made up of 10,000s of Australian soldiers, to fight German forces, in the battle of the Somme. In August, Australian forces had fought German forces and captured some terrioty off Germany. Britain had made Australian and British forces, in the battle, use arterially, against German forces, before marching out of the trench. Similar to the battle of Fromelles, the arterially didn’t work as well as Britain it would. Resulting in more Australian and British soldiers wounded and killed, then Britain thought it would. Around 16,000 Australian soldiers were wounded, and 6,800 Australian soldiers were killed.
In August, Turkey was marching to capture a place in Egypt called Romani. British forces and some Australian forces, fought them, in the battle of Romani. The Turkish forces were defeated. 104 Australian soldiers were killed and around 500 were wounded.
In October, Australia under the labor party and prime minster Billy Hughes. Had organised a referendum, across Australia, over whether or not, to conscript some Australian males, to fight in World War 1. Billy Hughes claimed that if Germany kept winning wars, they would be powerful enough to invade and conquer Australia. Irish-Australians had less reason for their males, to fight for Britain and Australia. Due to not having British identity and their negative views on Britain, for their executions after the Easter uprising. Also in a documentary, Australians at WAR, one Australian said quote, “I was against conscription, I don’t think anyone ought to send them there and shoot someone, if they didn’t feel like shooting someone." Australia barely voted, not to have conscription.
Also in October, Arab tribes, under the control of Turkey, rebelled against Turkey, for independence. With the advisory help, from a British man, nicknamed Lawrence of Arabia. Australian military planes and military pilots, would do bombings against Turkish forces, to help the rebels.
In November, Britain, Australia and France, defeated Germany in the battle of the Somme. It didn’t capture as much French territory, controlled by Germany, as Britain and France, thought it would.
In December, France defeated Germany in the battle of Verdun. Which was in part due to the battle of the Somme, distracting some of the German forces, from the battle of Verdun.
In December Australian forces made up of 1,000s of Australian soldiers, defeated and captured territory off Turkey. In the battle of Magdhaba, in Egypt. Seemingly this resulted, in wounded and killed Australian soldiers.
In January 1917, Australian and new new Zealand forces fought 2,000 Turkish soldiers, in Egypt, in the battle of Rafa. Seemingly all forces had wounded and killed soldiers. Australia and New Zealand won the battle and captured 1,5000 Turkish soldiers. Australian would go on to fight in many battles in Palestine.
In February, prime minister Billy Hughes organised himself him and many labor party members, to form the nationalist party. Which then became the main political party in Australia, with Billy Hughes as prime minister.
In April and May of 1917, Britain sent Australian forces to fight German forces, in the 1st and 2nd battle of Bullecourt, in France. It was done, at least in part, to capture German controlled French territory. Instead of using soldiers with arterially and soldiers with guns, as usual. This time it was soldiers with guns and tanks. While the Australian forces did win the battle. It got the Australian forces heavy rates of killed and wounded. With 10,000 Australian soldiers wounded and killed. It seems to have been done as a test, to see how soldiers with nothing but guns and tanks, would go in battles.
In June, in Belgium, Australian forces helped fight German forces and helped capture a small amount of Belgium terrioty, off Germany. In the battle of Messines.
In July, Britain, started the 3rd battle of Ypres, also known as the battle of Passchendaele. To try capturing much Belgium terrioty, off Germany. With that Belgium terrioty, largely being German controlled terrioty, of the Belgium coast. Which threatened Germany using it to send naval forces, to blockade Britain. Australian forces would help fight Germany, in the battle.
In October, Australian forces made up of 800 Australian soldiers, charged at a Turkish fort, holding 4,000 Turkish soldiers, in Palestine. Defeating the Turkish forces and capturing the fort. This was the battle of Beersheba. Seemingly this battle resulted in wounded and killed Australian soldiers. This allowed for the possibility, for Australian and British forces to capture the rest of Palestine. Australian forces, would go on to fight Turkish forces in Palestine.
In November, Australia and Britain defeated Germany in the battle of Passchendaele. While some Belgium terrioty getting captured. Areas in the battle Australia helped fight in and capture, were Polygon wood and Broodseinde ridge. However, not all the Belgium coastline was captured, in the battle. 38,000 Australian soldiers were wounded and killed.
Also in November, Britain declared all sets Australian forces in Western Europe, would fight together. Instead of separately.
Also in November, something unexpected happened, in World war 1. Rebels called the Bolsheviks, overthrew the Russian government. In a event called the October revolution, as Russia had a different calendar. They did 2 things. Make Russia under the economic belief of communism and to stop their involvement in World War 1. In December, they stop their involvement in the form of signing a armistice, as in unofficial end to the war fighting, with Germany. This would mean Germany would be able to send many German forces, previously fighting Russia, to fight in western Europe. This would mean other 1 of 2 things would happen to Australia, in regards to fighting in Western Europe. More wounded and killed soldiers, for Australia then expected, or more defeat for Australia, then expected.
In December of 1917, Australia under the nationalist party and prime minister Billy Hughes, put in another conscription referendum, across Australia. Australia again barely voted no.
Also in December, British forces captured the Palestinian city of Jerusalem. This also lowered the confidence of the Germans, they could win the war
By 1918, the Armenian genocide had ended or at least halted. Besides Turkey having 30,000 Armenians, in deadly slavery. This was possibly due in part, to the threat of a Russian invasion of Armenia ending.
Also by 1918, Britain and Frances blockade of Germany, started starving German civilians, including teenage and child ones, to death. The newspapers in Australia possibly would not have mentioned this.
By 1918, the Arab rebels, captured all terrioty, they wanted, off Turkey.
Also by 1918, Australia had military planes were fighting German planes. As well as bombing German forces, in the trenches.
In January 1918, America declared it would send many soldiers to fight Germany in Western Europe. In part, to help defend their ally, France.
In early March 1918, Russia and Germany signed a peace treaty. Called the treat of Brest -Litovsk. In which Germany was given Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Cultural Regions, that’s people didn’t want to be ruled by, Russia or Germany.
By late March, Germany had transferred, 500,000 soldiers, once fighting Russia, to Western Europe, to increase German forces for the Spring offensives. Which started in late March. The Spring offensives was done, to try capturing French and Belgium territory.
Germany was trying to capture all the terrioty, captured off Germany, in the battle of the Somme. While trying to capture some of the terrioty, Australian forces fought German forces. The Australia forces defeated the German forces. Preventing the German forces capturing some of it. Seemingly while getting wounded and killed Australian soldiers.
In April of 1918, Australian forces made up of 4,500 Australian soldiers, went out of the trenches. To do a surprise raid, at night, to try capturing the German controlled French town, of Villers-Bretonneux. They were under the leadership, of the skilled Australian officer Pompey Elliott. They would fight a larger amount of German forces, defeat them and capture the town, in the battle of Villers-Bretonneux. 10,000 German soldiers were wounded, killed and captured. This battle would result in 1,200 Australian soldiers killed and seemingly some wounded.
By late July 1918, Germany had captured some Belgium and French territory. With German captured regions, near the French capital city of Paris.
In late July, there started to be offensives against Germany, by its enemies. To fight German forces, try capturing French and Belgium territory, off Germany and distract German forces, from capturing more terrioty. With Australian forces being involved.
In the offensives, in August, America, Britain, France, started the 100 days offensive. With Australian still being involved. This time with a Australian General, in charge of the Australian forces, and not a British one. The General was skilled one, named John Monash.
In the 100 days offensive, Australian forces started capturing some terrioty. In August, they captured 1,000s of German soldiers as prisoners.
By October, British and Australian forces, had captured the last of the Palestinian territory, off Turkey.
In October, Arab rebel forces and Australian forces, captured a city Damascus, after fighting Turkish forces. The city was in the Turkish controlled region, of Syria. While French forces captured the Turkish controlled city of Beirut. The people of Syria, did not want to be under the control of Turkey, France or Britain.
By November 1918, Germany had basically run out of money and resources for the war. While Turkey signed a armistice, which is a unofficial end to the war fighting, with their enemies, which included Australia. So in November, Germany, and Austria-Hungary, arranged for an armistice with their enemies, which included Australia. This ended both World War 1 and the 100 days offensive. With the Germanys captured French and Belgium territory, going back to France and Belgium.
Also in November, the German military overthrew the leader of Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm the 2nd. Mainly for getting so many German soldiers killed, in Western Europe. As well as to make Germany a democracy and not a dictatorship.
Throughout the 100 days offensive, there was seemingly Australian soldiers wounded and killed. In the documentary Australians at war, one Australian World War 1 veteran said quote, “From July, until armistice day, that was a war. That was worse than all the rest together. Especially September and August, August September. We were, I suppose our battalion was engaging, bashing at the Germans. Advancing against them. 2 and 3 times a day. You didn’t have much rest. I went for 2 and a half days without sleep. We hardly had time to eat."
Throughout the war, Australia’s skilled General, was John Monash. Was believed by Australians after the war, to be the greatest Australian. Australia’s best soldier, was a sniper, named Billy Sing, who killed at least 150 enemy soldiers, including at Gallipoli. He was half white and half Asian. He was not known, to the Australian people, after the war, seemingly due to racism.
By the end of the war, over 300,000 Australian soldiers had fought in the war. 155,000 Australian soldiers had been wounded. Around 62,000 Australian soldiers had been killed. Around 8,000 of those killed were in the Gallipoli campaign, Around 14,000 were killed, elsewhere fighting Turkey. Around 39,000 were killed, fighting Germany in Western Europe.
In World War 1, there were also many female nurses, who worked with injured Australian soldiers, while they were still outside of Australia.
After the war, the Australians soldiers and officers of World War 1, then became World War 1 veterans. Many of them got a type of mental illness called, post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), also known as shell shock. There were cases of suicide, by veterans. One of these suicides, was skilled officer Pompey Elliott.
World War 1, at the time was called the Great War. In part because there was no World War 2, to know there would be more than one world war.
In early 1919, the disease called the Spanish flu, appeared in Australia. It was spread by Australian World War 1 veterans, going back to Australia, from Western Europe. Where there was, the disease. In Sydney, schools and places of entertainment would be closed in the short term, to stop the spread of the disease. Across Australia, it would go on, to kill 15,000. A vaccine would then allow people, who get the disease, to not be as sick and therefore, with a far lower risk of death.
By June 1919, Germany had already given the regions of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, independence. Due to rebellions in those regions.
In June 1919, Germany signed an official peace treaty with their enemies, including Australia, called the treaty of Versailles. Germany would submit northern Papua New Guinea, to be a part of the Australian colony of Papua New Guinea. Germany would give a big amount of money to Britain, to compensate them for killing British civilians.
Also in 1919, Austria and Hungary would loss most of the territory they controlled, much of which was given to Serbia to form the nation of Yugoslavia.
Later a peace treaty would be singed between Turkey, Australia, Britain and France. With Britain keeping Palestine. While Syria was made into a French colony, in return for France fighting Turkey.