The Historical Works of humans in the
Australian continent, Part One:
Over 60,000 years ago, there were large marsupials, in what is now Australia . Such as giant wombats and Kangaroo’s and marsupial lions. Back what is now Mainland Australia, Tasmania, the island of Papua( which now includes Papua New Guinea) made up the continent of Sahul
There also travelled Black people by boat, to Sahul. These many of these people in what is now Australia would become the group known as Aboriginals. These Aboriginals would form tribes, which had elders, who were the considered old people, who were called elders, who lead the tribes.
There also travelled Black people by boat, to Sahul. These many of these people in what is now Australia would become the group known as Aboriginals. These Aboriginals would form tribes, which had elders, who were the considered old people, who were called elders, who lead the tribes.
Not all Aboriginal tribes, had the same language. Languages were only held by a tribe or by few tribes, each.
All tribes were hunter and gather socialites, as in the women and teenage girls gathered certain vegetation, to eat. While the men and teenage boys hunted food. Hunted food such as marsupials, like kangaroos and so forth. They were also their religious stories by them, set in what is called dreamtime.
There would also be war like conflicts between the tribes, sometimes started at least in part, out of the belief, another tribes people were lesser people. There was also a lack of health knowledge and so forth, which is why many Aboriginal die at an early age. Many of them, that lived through, childhood, were lucky to live to 50. Around 23,000 B.C.E the continent of Sahul started to break apart as Papua started to break a part.
By 20,000 B.C.E Aboriginals, were all across Australia, including Tasmania that was a part of the mainland at that point, but would not be by 10,000BCE.
Also by 20,000BCE, Aboriginal tribes in northern Australia, had the musical instrument of the Didgeridoo. It is the oldest musical instrument in the world.
By 10,000BCE, the large marsupials had died off. A species of marsupial that was around then that isn't around now was the Thylacine, also known as the Tasmanian tiger, even though it wasn’t a real tiger.
All tribes were hunter and gather socialites, as in the women and teenage girls gathered certain vegetation, to eat. While the men and teenage boys hunted food. Hunted food such as marsupials, like kangaroos and so forth. They were also their religious stories by them, set in what is called dreamtime.
There would also be war like conflicts between the tribes, sometimes started at least in part, out of the belief, another tribes people were lesser people. There was also a lack of health knowledge and so forth, which is why many Aboriginal die at an early age. Many of them, that lived through, childhood, were lucky to live to 50. Around 23,000 B.C.E the continent of Sahul started to break apart as Papua started to break a part.
By 20,000 B.C.E Aboriginals, were all across Australia, including Tasmania that was a part of the mainland at that point, but would not be by 10,000BCE.
Also by 20,000BCE, Aboriginal tribes in northern Australia, had the musical instrument of the Didgeridoo. It is the oldest musical instrument in the world.
By 10,000BCE, the large marsupials had died off. A species of marsupial that was around then that isn't around now was the Thylacine, also known as the Tasmanian tiger, even though it wasn’t a real tiger.
By 3,000 BCE, the wild dog-like animal the dingo arrived in the Australian mainland. Due to both dingo's replacing them as a predator and humans, the Thylacine(Tasmanian tiger) was extinct in the Australian mainland.
There would be cases of trade, between the Aboriginals, in northern Australia and people in what is now in Indonesia, from the 1200s onwards. Some historians think the Chinese went to Australia, to look at the land from their ships, but either way did not land.
In the early 1600s, explorers, from the Netherlands (the Dutch) travelled to Australia and were the first Europeans to discover Australia, or at least be confined to visit Australia. However, it was desert land and declared useless, by the Netherlands. Australia was given the name New Holland.
In 1770, British explorer Captain Cook, discovered the east coast of Australia, which was not desert and had grass and trees and so forth.
Non-white people, were viewed as inferior to white people, by white people back then. Due to non-white people generally having less technology. The Aboriginals were viewed as sub-human. As Aboriginals lived in tribes, that didn’t have farming. Often in Britain even white people who were not Anglo(British people and people of British descent, or simply people of British race), were still viewed as inferior. More so for people who were racially Irish, Hispanic, southern European and Eastern European. So captain cook declared it no man’s land and open for Britain, to declare as much of Australia as they want, a part of the British Empire.
In Britain, almost everyone was Christian. Most of the Christians, were of the Christian sub-religions of Protestantism. However, some were of the Christian sub-religion of Catholicism. In Ireland, that Britain ruled over, they had mostly Catholics and some protestants. It was often seen as a bad thing, for there to be friendships between Catholics and protestants. Jews were thought worse of, due them being viewed as greedy and non-Christian.
In Britain and Ireland, there was much sexism towards females, including the husbands running, or owning the family’s house.
The cultures of Britain and Ireland, were also highly un-sexualised. With females wearing dresses, that covered their whole legs and people generally not having sexual relations before marriage.
In the 1780s, due to the gap between lower class and upper class and the lack of machinery at the time, not giving good income, there was much stealing. Stealing had highly harsh sentences, which resulted in lots of prisoners. The prisons were overcrowded, so Britain decided that in order to punish them all, some should be sent away, to be punished as convicts with slave labour, to a British colony.
Some of the convicts would be from Ireland, that Britain ruled over. Irish people were viewed as either inferior, or stupider to the general white person who was non- Anglo. Due to, Irish people having alcohol and less technology in the Irish culture.
The first convicts would be sent on a few ships, called the first fleet. A tiny amount of the first fleets convicts, were Muslim prisoners of war. The first ships were lead by a captain called Arthur Phillip. The convicts on the first fleet were in cramped and starving conditions. There were also British soldiers, to police over the convicts. As well as planned for defence, against Aboriginal tribes, when travelled to the Colony.
After 7 months, the first fleets ships travelled to the east coast of Australia, in January of 1788. To settle in territory, which was owned by Aboriginals. The colony was named, New South Wales, which was lead by a British chosen governor, with first one being the first fleets captain, Arthur Phillip. The capital city of New South Wales, was Sydney. In 1788, it was the only location in the colony.
When the first fleets 2,000 convicts, travelled there, they were put in slave or slave like labour, to build houses, in the colony and so forth.
The convicts were put on such labour for 2-7 years, depending on the sentence. Then they were made as free settlers(free people), in New South Wales. Another name for free people in the Australian colonies was colonist. Convict fleets would come, to the colony yearly. Along the colonist for the next few decades, they had rum as currency, as there were no coins, brought to New South Wales in that time. Just like anywhere there clearly would have been crime among its free people, in this case the colonist.
The colonist could buy, firearms, under minor regulation, in part to defend, against the Aboriginal tribes. Firearms were only in musket form, which took a long time to prepare the firearm to shoot.
Since there was so much land in New South Wales, the free colonists from in New South Wales, including British soldiers got free property land.
In 1790, the Aboriginal tribe, tried to back take their territory, that Britain took off them, by declaring war on New South Wales and fighting against the British soldiers. After the conflict, the tribe agreed to let them keep the land. However, the tribe’s civilians died of diseases, from Europe, afterwards.
Over the rest of the relations, with the Aboriginals, the British colonies would get territory off the Aboriginals, through buying off the Aboriginal. Which many believe were scams on the tribes. As well as conquest, through war like conflicts, with the Aboriginals sometimes, with Britain teaming up with warring tribes. The colonist had illnesses the Aboriginals were not used to, when the Aboriginals caught them off the colonist, they often died.
In 1793, free settlers(Immigrants) from Britain and Ireland started arriving in to New south Wales.
The biggest of the conflicts in Australia between Britain and Aboriginal tribes, was around New south Wales. Where British soldiers fought agianist the soldiers of number Aboriginal tribes, under the military leader Pemulwuy. Pemulwuy conflicts went from the decades of the 1790s-1800s.
The New South Wales colony would expand, by going into more tribes and get more, open land to settle in. In 1804, Australia was re-named Australia, by Mathew flinders who explored some of the Australian coast by boat.
In 1803, Tasmania started to be colonised, by Britain. Where the convicts, from New south Wales and other future colonies, were sent to, if they misbehaved, as convicts. In the form of being sent to the prison of port Arthur, or just sent into the Tasmanian wild. Some of the convicts in the wild, harmed the Aboriginals in Tasmania, in the form of killing them and taking Aboriginal women as slaves.
From 1807-1808, the Governor of New South Wales, William Blagh harshly punished people who stole government land and planned to crack down on the Rum trade. Then there was a petition by new south colonist, for him to resign as governor. Then British forces in New south Wales, overthrew William Blagh, in the Rum rebellion.
By the 1820s, Tobacco was being grown in New South Wales. The colonist smoked tobacco just like people in Britain. The only negative of Tobacco, known at the time was coughs in the short term. Besides tobacco increasing the users chances of deadly diseases, such as lung cancer. It causes air some pollution, increasing other peoples chances of deadly diseases.
In the 1820s, free settlers(immigrants) from Britain and Ireland arriving to colonies increased, out of the wool industry. Wool was not only used in the colonies, but also exported and traded to Britain, in return for slave labour from British convicts. These people going to the colonies, would decrease the chances of Britain and Ireland becoming overpopulated and therefore overcrowded. Overcrowding would particularly harm lower class people, who live off small houses and farms. The British government was worried the lower class Irish and British people, would demand more from upper class people as a result. With upper class people in Britain and Ireland, being British or at least partially British and Anglo in culture and race. Decreasing overcrowding gave Britain more motive to take property land off the Aboriginals
The Anglo colonist, in the colonies, embraced British culture and viewed themselves as mostly British, but also people of their colonies. The racially Irish people embraced Irish culture and did not view themselves as British. They were viewed as either stupider, or inferior, by British people.
In 1825, what is now Queensland was colonised, by Britain and made a part of New South Wales. Wool would also grow there.
In 1829, Britain started to colonise western Australia, into the colony called Western Australia.
By the 1830s, the colonies had their food, a cheap type of bread called damper. This arguably gave the Australian colonist their own sub-culture. Also by the 1830s, cricket was a popular sport among the Australian colonist, however, people in Britain also played cricket.
In 1831, free colonists could no longer get property land for free. However, land was still cheap.
In 1834, the British colony, of South Australia, was formed. It was the only colony, not to have convicts and only immigrants.
In 1836, the area now made up of the city of Melbourne, would be colonised and made a part of New South Wales. By the governor of New South Wales, buying land, off Aboriginal tribes, in what many now say is a scam.
In 1837, Britain the country that ruled over the Australian colonies, would have a new Queen called Queen Victoria. She would be Queen for the next 64 years.
In the 1830s, a small amount of Germans would immigrate, to Australia.
Also in the 1830s, there would be a number of massacres, on Aboriginal civilians, in the war like conflicts, done by British forces, each Killing 30-100 Aboriginals. However, civilian kills by their side in war and war-like conflicts, are usually kept hidden, from the general public, by newspapers and so forth. In 1840, an Aboriginal tribe in South Australia, would massacre 26 colonists.
In 1841, a certain colonist, who was a serial was caught, that killed 10 other colonists, was caught. He would be executed for his crimes.
In the late 1840s, much Gold would be discovered in Victoria. This would trigger immigration to Victoria, for a chance of find a large amount of gold and becoming rich. A small amount were Chinese immigrants, who were viewed as inferior to white People.
Much of the gold, would be traded to Britain, for convicts. There were cases, of gold been stolen off the British Government, after they traded for so. By people called bushrangers.
Also in the late 1840s, diseases on potatoes started famine(starve to death on mass), in Ireland. Called the Irish potato famine. Racially Irish Australians still identified with Ireland.
Also in 1840s, the British Empire, Anglo-Australians identified with, became clearly the most powerful nation in the world. As as the British Empire, conquered India.
By the 1850s, there were protest against the British government for still sending convicts, to Australia.
In 1851, Queensland became a separate colony from New South Wales. Also in 1851, a heatwave caused a fire across much of Victoria. Destroying and killing much property, plants, wild and farmed animals. Large Australian fires are called bushfires. This bushfire was called black Thursday.
In 1852, the Irish Potato famine ended. By then over a 1,000,000 Irish people had died.
Also 1852, the convict system was banned in all colonies besides Western Australia, by Britain. Britain had previously traded convicts with those Australian colonies for non-convict items from Australia, like gold and wool.
In 1854, Britain placed a tax for Victorian gold miners. This angered the gold miners, so much. 200 of them did the Eureka stockade. In which they would barricade themselves, while putting up the Eureka flag, up:
There would be cases of trade, between the Aboriginals, in northern Australia and people in what is now in Indonesia, from the 1200s onwards. Some historians think the Chinese went to Australia, to look at the land from their ships, but either way did not land.
In the early 1600s, explorers, from the Netherlands (the Dutch) travelled to Australia and were the first Europeans to discover Australia, or at least be confined to visit Australia. However, it was desert land and declared useless, by the Netherlands. Australia was given the name New Holland.
In 1770, British explorer Captain Cook, discovered the east coast of Australia, which was not desert and had grass and trees and so forth.
Non-white people, were viewed as inferior to white people, by white people back then. Due to non-white people generally having less technology. The Aboriginals were viewed as sub-human. As Aboriginals lived in tribes, that didn’t have farming. Often in Britain even white people who were not Anglo(British people and people of British descent, or simply people of British race), were still viewed as inferior. More so for people who were racially Irish, Hispanic, southern European and Eastern European. So captain cook declared it no man’s land and open for Britain, to declare as much of Australia as they want, a part of the British Empire.
In Britain, almost everyone was Christian. Most of the Christians, were of the Christian sub-religions of Protestantism. However, some were of the Christian sub-religion of Catholicism. In Ireland, that Britain ruled over, they had mostly Catholics and some protestants. It was often seen as a bad thing, for there to be friendships between Catholics and protestants. Jews were thought worse of, due them being viewed as greedy and non-Christian.
In Britain and Ireland, there was much sexism towards females, including the husbands running, or owning the family’s house.
The cultures of Britain and Ireland, were also highly un-sexualised. With females wearing dresses, that covered their whole legs and people generally not having sexual relations before marriage.
In the 1780s, due to the gap between lower class and upper class and the lack of machinery at the time, not giving good income, there was much stealing. Stealing had highly harsh sentences, which resulted in lots of prisoners. The prisons were overcrowded, so Britain decided that in order to punish them all, some should be sent away, to be punished as convicts with slave labour, to a British colony.
Some of the convicts would be from Ireland, that Britain ruled over. Irish people were viewed as either inferior, or stupider to the general white person who was non- Anglo. Due to, Irish people having alcohol and less technology in the Irish culture.
The first convicts would be sent on a few ships, called the first fleet. A tiny amount of the first fleets convicts, were Muslim prisoners of war. The first ships were lead by a captain called Arthur Phillip. The convicts on the first fleet were in cramped and starving conditions. There were also British soldiers, to police over the convicts. As well as planned for defence, against Aboriginal tribes, when travelled to the Colony.
After 7 months, the first fleets ships travelled to the east coast of Australia, in January of 1788. To settle in territory, which was owned by Aboriginals. The colony was named, New South Wales, which was lead by a British chosen governor, with first one being the first fleets captain, Arthur Phillip. The capital city of New South Wales, was Sydney. In 1788, it was the only location in the colony.
When the first fleets 2,000 convicts, travelled there, they were put in slave or slave like labour, to build houses, in the colony and so forth.
The convicts were put on such labour for 2-7 years, depending on the sentence. Then they were made as free settlers(free people), in New South Wales. Another name for free people in the Australian colonies was colonist. Convict fleets would come, to the colony yearly. Along the colonist for the next few decades, they had rum as currency, as there were no coins, brought to New South Wales in that time. Just like anywhere there clearly would have been crime among its free people, in this case the colonist.
The colonist could buy, firearms, under minor regulation, in part to defend, against the Aboriginal tribes. Firearms were only in musket form, which took a long time to prepare the firearm to shoot.
Since there was so much land in New South Wales, the free colonists from in New South Wales, including British soldiers got free property land.
In 1790, the Aboriginal tribe, tried to back take their territory, that Britain took off them, by declaring war on New South Wales and fighting against the British soldiers. After the conflict, the tribe agreed to let them keep the land. However, the tribe’s civilians died of diseases, from Europe, afterwards.
Over the rest of the relations, with the Aboriginals, the British colonies would get territory off the Aboriginals, through buying off the Aboriginal. Which many believe were scams on the tribes. As well as conquest, through war like conflicts, with the Aboriginals sometimes, with Britain teaming up with warring tribes. The colonist had illnesses the Aboriginals were not used to, when the Aboriginals caught them off the colonist, they often died.
In 1793, free settlers(Immigrants) from Britain and Ireland started arriving in to New south Wales.
The biggest of the conflicts in Australia between Britain and Aboriginal tribes, was around New south Wales. Where British soldiers fought agianist the soldiers of number Aboriginal tribes, under the military leader Pemulwuy. Pemulwuy conflicts went from the decades of the 1790s-1800s.
The New South Wales colony would expand, by going into more tribes and get more, open land to settle in. In 1804, Australia was re-named Australia, by Mathew flinders who explored some of the Australian coast by boat.
In 1803, Tasmania started to be colonised, by Britain. Where the convicts, from New south Wales and other future colonies, were sent to, if they misbehaved, as convicts. In the form of being sent to the prison of port Arthur, or just sent into the Tasmanian wild. Some of the convicts in the wild, harmed the Aboriginals in Tasmania, in the form of killing them and taking Aboriginal women as slaves.
From 1807-1808, the Governor of New South Wales, William Blagh harshly punished people who stole government land and planned to crack down on the Rum trade. Then there was a petition by new south colonist, for him to resign as governor. Then British forces in New south Wales, overthrew William Blagh, in the Rum rebellion.
By the 1820s, Tobacco was being grown in New South Wales. The colonist smoked tobacco just like people in Britain. The only negative of Tobacco, known at the time was coughs in the short term. Besides tobacco increasing the users chances of deadly diseases, such as lung cancer. It causes air some pollution, increasing other peoples chances of deadly diseases.
In the 1820s, free settlers(immigrants) from Britain and Ireland arriving to colonies increased, out of the wool industry. Wool was not only used in the colonies, but also exported and traded to Britain, in return for slave labour from British convicts. These people going to the colonies, would decrease the chances of Britain and Ireland becoming overpopulated and therefore overcrowded. Overcrowding would particularly harm lower class people, who live off small houses and farms. The British government was worried the lower class Irish and British people, would demand more from upper class people as a result. With upper class people in Britain and Ireland, being British or at least partially British and Anglo in culture and race. Decreasing overcrowding gave Britain more motive to take property land off the Aboriginals
The Anglo colonist, in the colonies, embraced British culture and viewed themselves as mostly British, but also people of their colonies. The racially Irish people embraced Irish culture and did not view themselves as British. They were viewed as either stupider, or inferior, by British people.
In 1825, what is now Queensland was colonised, by Britain and made a part of New South Wales. Wool would also grow there.
In 1829, Britain started to colonise western Australia, into the colony called Western Australia.
By the 1830s, the colonies had their food, a cheap type of bread called damper. This arguably gave the Australian colonist their own sub-culture. Also by the 1830s, cricket was a popular sport among the Australian colonist, however, people in Britain also played cricket.
In 1831, free colonists could no longer get property land for free. However, land was still cheap.
In 1834, the British colony, of South Australia, was formed. It was the only colony, not to have convicts and only immigrants.
In 1836, the area now made up of the city of Melbourne, would be colonised and made a part of New South Wales. By the governor of New South Wales, buying land, off Aboriginal tribes, in what many now say is a scam.
In 1837, Britain the country that ruled over the Australian colonies, would have a new Queen called Queen Victoria. She would be Queen for the next 64 years.
In the 1830s, a small amount of Germans would immigrate, to Australia.
Also in the 1830s, there would be a number of massacres, on Aboriginal civilians, in the war like conflicts, done by British forces, each Killing 30-100 Aboriginals. However, civilian kills by their side in war and war-like conflicts, are usually kept hidden, from the general public, by newspapers and so forth. In 1840, an Aboriginal tribe in South Australia, would massacre 26 colonists.
In 1841, a certain colonist, who was a serial was caught, that killed 10 other colonists, was caught. He would be executed for his crimes.
In the late 1840s, much Gold would be discovered in Victoria. This would trigger immigration to Victoria, for a chance of find a large amount of gold and becoming rich. A small amount were Chinese immigrants, who were viewed as inferior to white People.
Much of the gold, would be traded to Britain, for convicts. There were cases, of gold been stolen off the British Government, after they traded for so. By people called bushrangers.
Also in the late 1840s, diseases on potatoes started famine(starve to death on mass), in Ireland. Called the Irish potato famine. Racially Irish Australians still identified with Ireland.
Also in 1840s, the British Empire, Anglo-Australians identified with, became clearly the most powerful nation in the world. As as the British Empire, conquered India.
By the 1850s, there were protest against the British government for still sending convicts, to Australia.
In 1851, Queensland became a separate colony from New South Wales. Also in 1851, a heatwave caused a fire across much of Victoria. Destroying and killing much property, plants, wild and farmed animals. Large Australian fires are called bushfires. This bushfire was called black Thursday.
In 1852, the Irish Potato famine ended. By then over a 1,000,000 Irish people had died.
Also 1852, the convict system was banned in all colonies besides Western Australia, by Britain. Britain had previously traded convicts with those Australian colonies for non-convict items from Australia, like gold and wool.
In 1854, Britain placed a tax for Victorian gold miners. This angered the gold miners, so much. 200 of them did the Eureka stockade. In which they would barricade themselves, while putting up the Eureka flag, up:
To Britain it was rebellion, so soldiers were sent to fight, them. In the form of shooting each other in rows. The rebels retreated and some still got killed by Britain. In total over 50 British soldiers and rebels died. However, anger spread about Britain killing the retreating soldiers, in Victoria. So Britain removed of the gold mining tax.
Also in 1854, trains started to appear in the Australian colonies.
In 1859, there would be a massacre against an Aboriginal tribe, in New South Wales. Where certain colonists used guns, to kill a maximum of 400 Aboriginal civilians in the hospital creek massacre, to take their property land and get revenge, for the tribe who allegedly killed a colonist.
Also throughout the 1850s, the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria, would get their own governments, elected by the people. With the leader being a premier. This would soon be the case, for the rest of the colonies. The colonies would have their own sense of unity and care, but possibly not pride. The colonies would slowly start getting to have their own Militia(micro military), they were to:
1.defend their colonies against possible foreign invaders
2.fight the Aboriginal tribes.
3.Possibly to give more of a sense of power to the colonies by them having the militia’s
By the 1860s, the population of the Australian colonies was 1,000,000, possibly not including Aboriginals.
By the 1860s, the economic system of the Australian colonies, was one where adults worked a maximum of 12 hours, on workdays. It was also a capitalist economic system. Capitalism was the belief, embraced by the British Empire at the time, where people can own a company by starting one or inheritance. The companies could be as big as the company owners could make it. Also, the companies are mostly in control of the economy. Such as companies being without heavy government regulation. In Britain, a place Anglo-Australians identified with, the wealth gap between the lower class and upper class particularly huge.
By the 1860s, the British army had lever action firearms, which only required a lever to active the trigger. Soon it would be available for civilian use in Australia.
In 1861, the horse racing event in Melbourne, called the Melbourne cup happened. It was the first Melbourne cup, in Australia. This would be the start of there being a race, called the Melbourne cup, in Melbourne every year.
In 1862, in Queensland. Due to its climate, to sugar, was grown there, for the colonists, in Australia. In 1863, many non-white people from the pacific islands, started to be tricked and forced into slave labour, to work in the sugar canes. This slave labour was not supported by most colonists.
In 1868, a member of the British royal family visited Australia and there was an attempted assassination on him, by an anti-British man of Irish race. Also by 1868, there were terrorist bombings, by certain Irish people, in Anglo-Australians homeland of Britain. This all increased negative views of people of Irish race, in Australia.
Also in 1868, Britain banned the convict system in Western Australia, ending the convict system in Australia.
By the 1860s, Britain had colonised New Zealand, but was still fighting Maori tribes in New Zealand. In the 1860s, 2,5000 Australian colonists joined the British army, to fight the Maori tribes, to serve Britain and to get land in return.
By the 1870s, Britain had conquered all the Aboriginal tribes, by making them a part of their colonies. Which made Britain more powerful, by ruling over them through the colonies. Britain had also taken all fertile land from the Aboriginal tribes. Non-Fertile land had less nature and therefore less vegetation and less animals to eat.
However, the colonies with their militias and the Aboriginal tribes would still go on fighting each other. The Aboriginals didn’t have legal equal rights. By then Britain had also given the Aboriginals alcohol. The Alcohol would be more harmful on the aboriginals then to the colonist. Since the bodies of the Aboriginals had not adapted alcohol, as their people didn’t have alcohol for long.
By then the diseases and alcohol, brought by Britain. The taking of the fertile land, off the Aboriginal tribes. As well as the harm against Aboriginal tribes in Tasmania, by some convicts. Lead to only 1 Aboriginal in Tasmania, who was a female named Truganini, who would eventuallu die too
A British colonist Edward Wilson had said quote, “we have made them drunkards and infected them with diseases, which have rotted the bones of their adults and made few children as born amongst them sorrow and torture, from the very instant of their birth. We have made them outcasts on their own land and are rapidly consiginting(delivering) them entire to annihilation."
Also in 1854, trains started to appear in the Australian colonies.
In 1859, there would be a massacre against an Aboriginal tribe, in New South Wales. Where certain colonists used guns, to kill a maximum of 400 Aboriginal civilians in the hospital creek massacre, to take their property land and get revenge, for the tribe who allegedly killed a colonist.
Also throughout the 1850s, the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria, would get their own governments, elected by the people. With the leader being a premier. This would soon be the case, for the rest of the colonies. The colonies would have their own sense of unity and care, but possibly not pride. The colonies would slowly start getting to have their own Militia(micro military), they were to:
1.defend their colonies against possible foreign invaders
2.fight the Aboriginal tribes.
3.Possibly to give more of a sense of power to the colonies by them having the militia’s
By the 1860s, the population of the Australian colonies was 1,000,000, possibly not including Aboriginals.
By the 1860s, the economic system of the Australian colonies, was one where adults worked a maximum of 12 hours, on workdays. It was also a capitalist economic system. Capitalism was the belief, embraced by the British Empire at the time, where people can own a company by starting one or inheritance. The companies could be as big as the company owners could make it. Also, the companies are mostly in control of the economy. Such as companies being without heavy government regulation. In Britain, a place Anglo-Australians identified with, the wealth gap between the lower class and upper class particularly huge.
By the 1860s, the British army had lever action firearms, which only required a lever to active the trigger. Soon it would be available for civilian use in Australia.
In 1861, the horse racing event in Melbourne, called the Melbourne cup happened. It was the first Melbourne cup, in Australia. This would be the start of there being a race, called the Melbourne cup, in Melbourne every year.
In 1862, in Queensland. Due to its climate, to sugar, was grown there, for the colonists, in Australia. In 1863, many non-white people from the pacific islands, started to be tricked and forced into slave labour, to work in the sugar canes. This slave labour was not supported by most colonists.
In 1868, a member of the British royal family visited Australia and there was an attempted assassination on him, by an anti-British man of Irish race. Also by 1868, there were terrorist bombings, by certain Irish people, in Anglo-Australians homeland of Britain. This all increased negative views of people of Irish race, in Australia.
Also in 1868, Britain banned the convict system in Western Australia, ending the convict system in Australia.
By the 1860s, Britain had colonised New Zealand, but was still fighting Maori tribes in New Zealand. In the 1860s, 2,5000 Australian colonists joined the British army, to fight the Maori tribes, to serve Britain and to get land in return.
By the 1870s, Britain had conquered all the Aboriginal tribes, by making them a part of their colonies. Which made Britain more powerful, by ruling over them through the colonies. Britain had also taken all fertile land from the Aboriginal tribes. Non-Fertile land had less nature and therefore less vegetation and less animals to eat.
However, the colonies with their militias and the Aboriginal tribes would still go on fighting each other. The Aboriginals didn’t have legal equal rights. By then Britain had also given the Aboriginals alcohol. The Alcohol would be more harmful on the aboriginals then to the colonist. Since the bodies of the Aboriginals had not adapted alcohol, as their people didn’t have alcohol for long.
By then the diseases and alcohol, brought by Britain. The taking of the fertile land, off the Aboriginal tribes. As well as the harm against Aboriginal tribes in Tasmania, by some convicts. Lead to only 1 Aboriginal in Tasmania, who was a female named Truganini, who would eventuallu die too
A British colonist Edward Wilson had said quote, “we have made them drunkards and infected them with diseases, which have rotted the bones of their adults and made few children as born amongst them sorrow and torture, from the very instant of their birth. We have made them outcasts on their own land and are rapidly consiginting(delivering) them entire to annihilation."